304 pipes with flanges butt weld tee and elbows

304 Piping Spools are made of 304 Stainless Steel, a common and popular material in many industrial applications that require resistance to corrosion and oxidation. These S30400 Piping Spools are prefabricated using specialized machinery and processes, which ensure that they are highly accurate and reliable.

Hastelloy C-276 is the most common corrosion resistant material currently available, but it is not foolproof. Metals should not be exposed to high temperature, strong acid environment. Also, it is easier to work with cold working practices; hot working makes it easier to harden. If hot working, the temperature should be maintained between 1600¡ãF and 2250¡ãF.

Other popular nickel-chromium alloys are age hardened through the addition of aluminum and titanium.

Moly family has the ability to withstand high temperatures and maintain strength under volatile conditions.

Alloy 317L has excellent corrosion resistance in a wide range of chemicals. It resists attack in sulfuric acid, acidic chlorine and phosphoric acid.

They are used for high temperature service, where resistance to oxidation and carburisation are required. For optimum stress rupture properties, or for pressure vessel service above 815¡ãC, Incoloy 800H or Incoloy 800HT should be used.

It has high nickel (24%), molybdenum (6.3%), nitrogen and chromium contents that give it excellent resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking, chloride pitting, and exceptional general corrosion resistance.

Hastelloy C-276 is a nickel-molybdenum-chromium-tungsten alloy with excellent general corrosion resistance and good machinability. The alloy should be considered for use in environments requiring resistance to thermally contaminated inorganic acids, organic and inorganic chloride-contaminated media, chlorine, formic and acetic acids, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, seawater and brine solutions.

Reactor vessels and heat exchanger tubing used in the production of vinyl chloride.

Monel K500 is a precipitation-hardenable nickel-copper alloy that combines the excellent corrosion resistance characteristic of Monel 400 with the added advantage of greater strength and hardness.

Therefore, the fixation of the slip-on flanges is easier. However, the strength of the slip-on flanges is two-third of the weld necked flanges, under internal stresses due to flow. Another disadvantage of the slip-on flanges is that it¡¯s impossible to fix a flange to the elbow or fix a flange to the tee because the end surface of the slip-on fittings is not straight. The third flange group is the socket weld flanges. These flanges are utilized for small pipes that must yield high pressures. The strength of the socket weld flanges against internal stresses is equal to slip-on flanges.

These connections are embedded inside concrete walls before the pouring of concrete. This system must be aligned properly before concrete pouring because it needs to withstand the weight and force of the structure.

The socket welded tees also make a perpendicular angle between the connected lines. They used for high-pressure applications. In opposition to the butt welded tees, the socket welded tees are utilized in applications where the radius of the pipes are generally smaller. The socket welded tees do not require the beveling process before welding. Therefore, these types of tees are favorable in some applications where branch ends must be kept in the same form before and after the welding.

The specification of the flange types is done via the ASME B16.5 standards. Thus flanges are classified as; weld neck, slip-on, socket weld, lap-joint, threaded blind. The weld necked flanges are easy to recognize. A cylindrical bulge with a gradually increasing radius is connected to the main hollow part.

It has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures in the chromium carbide precipitation range of 800 ¨C 1500¡ãF (427 ¨C 816¡ãC).?

Inconel is a superalloy made of high concentrations of nickel, chromium and molybdenum. Inconel 625 is highly resistant to corrosive and oxidizing media in a variety of environments. These alloys have excellent ductility and excellent formability. They can be welded easily and are resistant to post-weld carburization or graining.

The two most common stainless steel grades are 304 and 316. The main difference is the addition of molybdenum, an alloy that significantly improves corrosion resistance, especially in environments with more salt or chloride exposure.

Thermal processing equipment in industrial applications, such as baskets, trays, and fixtures. In chemical or petrochemical processing it is used for heat exchangers and piping systems in nitric acid media, especially where resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking is required.

Pipelines for gathering sour gas have been built with solid (or clad) INCONEL? 625 alloy and used in seawater heat exchangers in refineries, power plants, and offshore topside services that often need this material.

The alloy’s properties make it an excellent choice for sea-water applications, including freedom from local attack (pitting and crevice corrosion), high corrosion-fatigue strength, high tensile strength, and resistance to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking.

Elbows are generally used for a change in the direction of the flow. Common elbow systems can change the angle of the flow at 180¡ã, 90¡ã or 45¡ã. The 180¡ã elbow system is also called a ¡®return bend¡¯. The elbow systems can be classified into two groups which are butt weld elbows and reducing elbows. Butt-welded elbows are the most common and desired components.

The tees are also used for the change of the flow angle and distribution of the flowing matter either into one or more channels. Tees can be divided into two main groups which are the butt welded tees and the socket welded tees. The butt welded tees are utilized to perform a perpendicular distribution of the flow. They make 90¡ã branches with the connection of the pipeline and distribute the coming matter from the mainline.

Virtually immune to chlorine ion stress corrosion cracking. Demonstrates adequate resistance to organic acids such as acetic, formic and stearic. Excellent resistance to high purity water used in primary and secondary circuits of pressurized nuclear reactors.

Pipe spool fabrication is very important because the construction of the ship and other marine industries require intensive piping. Pipe spools create great advantages because they reduce the limitations of space on site.

The addition of copper to this grade gives it better corrosion resistance than conventional chromium-nickel stainless steels, especially against sulfuric, phosphoric and acetic acids. However, the use of hydrochloric acid is limited.

The number of welds on a spool must be kept in a minimum count. The dimension of the spacing between circumferential welds and the center lines must not be larger than the four times the wall thickness of the pipe or fitting. After the main welds, tacks welds must be done precisely. All welds in the spools must be implemented according to proper Welding Procedure Specification (WPS). After the welding process is done, quality control of the components is performed by the specialists.

Steel Pipe Spools are also referred as prefabricated components of a piping system such as pipes, flanges and pipe fittings, and they are mounted during the development before sending them to the manufacture.

Hastelloy C-276 is easily fabricated by welding, using methods similar to those used for nickel-based alloys.

Raw pipes are cut to the required sizes and moved with pipe fittings to a fitting table, where some of the components are fitted together (i.e. temporarily connected). The resulting sub-assembly (part of the final pipe spool) continues with welding operations (i.e. permanent connected) before it comes back to the fitting table and gets fitted with other spool components.

Under alternating oxidizing and reducing conditions the alloy may suffer from selectiveo xidation.

Alloy B-2 has poor corrosion resistance to oxidizing environments, therefore, it is not recommended for use in oxidizing media or in the presence of iron or copper salts, which may cause rapid premature corrosion failure.