Pipe Spools Fabrication

Hastelloy B-2 is a nickel-base wrought alloy with excellent resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures.

It has great resistance to stress-corrosion cracking and pitting. Hastelloy B-2? also features hydrochloric acid resistance at all concentrations and temperatures.

It can be used in reducing chemical environments and chemical processing industry.

Alloy B2 is a highly resistant material to most organic and inorganic acids. It is a reduction resistant material.

These have the advantage of nickel and molybdenum providing resistance against the most reducing environments. The oxidation resistance is also high in these materials due to the addition of the chromium content.

Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy (about 67% Ni ¨C 23% Cu) that is resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures as well as to salt and caustic solutions.

Alloy 625 / Inconel 625 is used for its high strength, excellent fabricability (including joining), and outstanding corrosion resistance.

Alloy 400 is a solid solution alloy that can only be hardened by cold working.

Alloy 625 is generally supplied in the annealed condition, to provide utmost stability during fabrication and subsequent service.

This nickel alloy exhibits characteristics like good corrosion resistance, good weldability and high strength.

Pipelines for gathering sour gas have been built with solid (or clad) INCONEL? 625 alloy and used in seawater heat exchangers in refineries, power plants, and offshore topside services that often need this material.

A low corrosion rate in rapidly flowing brackish or seawater combined with excellent resistance to stress-corrosion cracking in most freshwaters, and its resistance to a variety of corrosive conditions led to its wide use in marine applications and other non-oxidizing chloride solutions.

The alloy’s properties make it an excellent choice for sea-water applications, including freedom from local attack (pitting and crevice corrosion), high corrosion-fatigue strength, high tensile strength, and resistance to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking.

This nickel alloy is particularly resistant to hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids when they are de-aerated. As would be expected from its high copper content, alloy 400 is rapidly attacked by nitric acid and ammonia systems.

Monel K-500 combines the excellent corrosion resistance of Monel 400 with the added benefits of higher strength and hardness. Performance can be improved by adding aluminum and titanium to the nickel-copper matrix and by heating under controlled conditions to precipitate submicroscopic particles of Ni 3 (Ti, Al) throughout the matrix.

The corrosion resistance of Monel K-500 is basically the same as Alloy 400, except that in the age hardened condition, Alloy K-500 has a greater tendency to stress corrosion cracking in certain environments. Monel K-500 has been found to be resistant to sour gas environments.

Reworking of Alloy K-500 is best done while the material is in the annealed or hot worked and quenched condition. However, age hardened materials can be finished to close tolerances and finish. Therefore, the recommended practice is to machine slightly oversize, age harden, and then finish to size.

Alloy K500 is refined by Electroslag Refining (ESR), ensuring the cleanest and highest quality material. This increased alloy purity limits the potential for hard non-metallic inclusions that can increase machining difficulty, machining time and ultimately lead to part failure. It also has low permeability and is non-magnetic at temperatures as low as -150¡ãF (-101¡ãC).

MONEL K-500 alloy has corrosion resistance comparable to 400, but has higher mechanical strength and hardness. Has good thermal corrosion resistance and long-term tissue stability. It is mainly used in the manufacture of turbine blades and gas turbine blades with a working temperature below 750¡ãC on aero-engines, and in the manufacture of fasteners and springs on ships; pumps and valve parts on chemical equipment, and scraping on paper-making equipment. Blades etc.

Hastelloy B2 is a nickel-molybdenum alloy with significant resistance to reducing environments such as hydrogen chloride gas and sulfuric, acetic and phosphoric acids. Hastelloy B2 is resistant to pure sulfuric acid and many non-oxidizing acids. This alloy should not be used in the presence of oxidative contaminants in oxidizing or reducing media. Premature failure may occur if Alloy B2 is used in the presence of iron or copper in systems containing hydrochloric acid.

Hastelloy B2 prevents the formation of grain boundary carbide precipitates in the weld heat affected zone, making it suitable for most chemical process applications in the as-welded condition. The heat affected weld zone reduces the precipitation of carbides and other phases to ensure uniform corrosion resistance.
Alloy B2 also has excellent resistance to pitting and stress corrosion cracking.

Hastelloy B2 is a nickel-molybdenum alloy especially suitable for handling equipment that reduces chemical environments. Such as applications in chemical processing industries involving sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and acetic acid.

Alloy B-2 has poor corrosion resistance to oxidizing environments, therefore, it is not recommended for use in oxidizing media or in the presence of iron or copper salts, which may cause rapid premature corrosion failure.

Nickel- and cobalt-based corrosion-, temperature- and wear-resistant alloys, such as Hastelloy B2, are classified as moderate to difficult when machined, but it should be emphasized that these alloys can be produced at satisfactory speeds using conventional production methods processing. During machining, these alloys harden rapidly, generate high heat during cutting, weld to the cutting tool surface, and provide high resistance to metal removal due to their high shear strength.

HastelloyB2 is a nickel-based wrought alloy with excellent resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures. Therefore, it has strong resistance to stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion. It is also resistant to hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and phosphoric acid. Hastelloy B-2 is a grade of Hastelloy?, a nickel-molybdenum alloy. There are many different grades of Hastelloy?, including B-2. Hastelloy? grades are optimized for specific applications. molybdenum

Alloy 400/Monel 400 comes directly from refined ore bodies in Canada, and with a copper content of approximately 30 wt%, it provides a lower cost alternative to commercially pure nickel, but still retains a very similar characteristics.

MONEL 400 solid solution alloy can be hardened by cold work, but can be hot worked or cold worked, then annealed into complex structures and welded using an appropriate welding process.

Monel 400 is used in process vessels, heat exchanger piping, and gasoline and potable water storage tanks in the marine sector. The non-sparking properties of this alloy make it suitable for high-risk situations in the explosives industry, rockets and pulp and paper industries.

Overcoming the impact of downtime caused by corrosion, stress and extreme temperatures, and the cost impact of failure rates and safety has driven the industry to look for materials like Monel 400, which provide increased reliability in harsh conditions.

As a corrosion resistant alloy, Monel 400 can withstand high temperature steam environments and fast flowing brackish/seawater, while maintaining excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking in most fresh waters.