The alloy also exhibits resistance to physical deterioration, e.g. – surface pitting and cracking.
Incoloy 800 is a popular choice in the oil and gas industries because it can withstand sour gas and high chloride environments.
If hardened Monel 400 is the goal, cold working with a soft tooling material is the only option. By cold working, mechanical stress is used instead of heat to change the shape of the metal.
Alloy 400 is a nickel copper solid solution strengthened alloy. The alloy is characterized by moderate strength, good weldability, good general corrosion resistance and good toughness.
It is suitable for temperatures up to 1000¡ãF (538¡ãC). Alloy 400 has excellent resistance to cavitation and erosion in fast-flowing brackish or seawater.
Alloy 400 also has excellent corrosion resistance in a variety of media including seawater, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid and alkalis. Used in marine engineering, chemical, hydrocarbon processing equipment and heat exchangers.
Alloy 400 is virtually immune to chloride stress corrosion cracking in typical environments. Generally, its corrosion resistance is good in reducing environment, but poor in oxidizing environment.
This alloy is not suitable for highly oxidizing acids such as nitric acid and nitrous acid. It is resistant to sulfuric acid up to 80% and hydrochloric acid solutions up to 20%.
The alloy can be machined at satisfactory speeds with machine tools commonly used in the industry. Generally, cold drawn or cold drawn stress relief materials are recommended for the best machinability and smoothest finish.
The Curie temperature of this alloy lies within the ambient temperature range and is affected by changes in the alloy’s chemical composition. Caution is recommended in applications requiring strong non-magnetic properties.
This nickel alloy has good corrosion resistance, good wear resistance and high strength.
Nickel alloys are combinations of nickel and a variety of other metals that make strong, oxidation-resistant products with an average lifespan of 25 to 35 years. Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy containing approximately 67% nickel and 23% copper.
Alloy 400 exhibits corrosion resistance to many reducing media.
This alloy is most commonly used in a range of environments from mildly oxidizing to neutral and moderately reducing conditions. Other areas of application for this material are marine environments and other non-oxidizing chloride solutions.
It has excellent solderability and can withstand very high pressure and weight. The alloy has excellent mechanical properties at sub-zero temperatures, with a melting point of 2370¡ã – 2460¡ã F, and the product can be used at temperatures up to 1000¡ã C.
Under alternating oxidizing and reducing conditions, alloys may suffer from selective oxidation.
The alloy is also resistant to ammonia-containing atmospheres as well as nitrogen and carburizing gases.
Inconel 600 is non-magnetic, has excellent mechanical properties, combines high strength with good workability, and is easy to weld. Alloy 600 exhibits cold forming properties typically associated with chromium-nickel stainless steels.
Alloy 600 is not an age hardening alloy; cold working is the only hardening method available.
Annealing softening begins at approximately 1600¡ãF (871¡ãC) and is fairly complete after 10 to 15 minutes of heating at 1800¡ãF (982¡ãC). Above this temperature, grain growth can be objectionable, although very brief heating at 1900¡ãF will result in complete softening without excessive grain growth. Since the cooling rate has no effect on softening, the material can be water quenched or air cooled.
Alloy 600 is machinable in both hot and annealed conditions. Due to the large amount of heat generated when machining this alloy, high-speed steel, cast non-ferrous or carbide tools should be used.
Resistant to various corrosive media. Chromium content provides better resistance in oxidizing conditions than alloys 200 and 201, while high nickel provides good resistance in reducing conditions.
Bushings are similar to thin tubes most commonly used in machinery with rotating or sliding shafts to increase efficiency and reduce vibration and noise. Bushings can be used for drilling operations in drill stands, hydraulic external gear pumps and motors.
It is virtually immune to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking. Sufficient resistance to organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid and stearic acid.
A bushing is a type of bearing. Generally speaking, “bearings” facilitate movement between two components while reducing friction. Simple in design, a typical bearing has two surfaces that roll against each other, allowing the two mating parts to move without friction.
Little or no corrosion occurs in dry gases such as chlorine or hydrogen chloride at room temperature and high temperature. At temperatures up to 550C in these media, this alloy has proven to be one of the most corrosion resistant common alloys.
Bushings, also known as sleeve bearings, are just one specific type of bearing. They slide on the rod to provide extremely low friction movement. They are ideal for shock absorption and minimise energy consumption, noise and wear.
Alloy 600’s high chromium content makes it significantly more resistant to oxidation than pure nickel, while its high nickel content provides good corrosion resistance under reducing conditions. This alloy has a high level of resistance to stress and salt water, exhaust gases, and most organic acids and compounds.
Hastelloy C276 bushings are widely used in the harshest environments such as chemical processing, pollution control, pulp and paper, industrial and municipal waste treatment, and recovery of sour natural gas.
At elevated temperatures, the annealed and solution annealed alloys exhibit good oxidation resistance and high strength.
