Steel Pipe Fittings

Thermodynamically, titanium is a very reactive metal due to its negative redox potential, and it burns in the atmosphere at a temperature lower than its melting point. It can react with chlorine at 550 ?C and can also combine with other halogen gases although it absorbs hydrogen.

The melting of titanium can only occur in a chemically inert atmosphere such as a vacuum.

Titanium’s thermodynamic properties do not allow it to melt in normal conditions, because it becomes more reactive at elevated temperatures and can catch fire if the oxygen molecules are present in its environment.

Titanium is considered to be a strong metal with an ultimate tensile strength of 434 MPa that makes 63,000 psi which is roughly equal to the strength of a low-grade steel alloy.

This means titanium can be used as a replacement for steel¡ªa major benefit, as it is 45% lighter than steel. It is twice as strong as aluminum and 60% denser.

When titanium is mixed with other metals, the alloys can reach a tensile strength of more than 1,400 MPa, which makes 200,000 psi.

However, titanium can lose its strength at temperatures greater than 430?C because it is not as hard as high grades of steel.

Titanium is a dimorphic element with a hexagonal form that slowly converts into a body-centered cube at an elevated temperature of 880 ?C.

This happens because the specific heat starts to increase dramatically as the transition temperature of 880 ?C is reached.

The chemical behavior of titanium metal has remarkable similarities with zirconium and silica.

Titanium, zirconium, and silica all belong to the first transition group in the periodic table.

Titanium resides in group 4 (IVB) of the periodic table, which means it is in the middle.

Titanium is a lustrous grey metal with low corrosion rates and high strength; it is used in a variety of applications.

The arrangement of elements in the periodic chart shows how the elements are related to one another chemically. As it is in the middle of the table, we know titanium exhibits properties between those of metals and non-metals.

Titanium was discovered in 1791 by the English chemist and mineralogist William Gregor. He thought it was a compound. Later, it was named after the Titan of Greek mythology by the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klapros.

Titanium rapidly starts to react with oxygen molecules at around 1,200 ?C, and it can exhibit the same behavior at a reduced temperature of 610 ?C when the oxygen is in pure form.

Titanium is also a ductile metal, especially in an oxygen-free environment.

Titanium behaves as an inert element in the presence of oxygen and water, which means it does not react with oxygen and water at ambient temperature conditions.

Its glossy off-white appearance also makes it useful for metal coating or display.

This protective layer enables titanium to become an excellent corrosion-resistant element¡ªalmost as effective as platinum. This property makes it resistant to even strong liquids such as sulfuric acid, moist chlorine gas, chloride solutions, hydrochloric acid, and most organic acids.

Titanium has rather low thermal and electrical conductivity compared to other metals, although it exhibits superconducting properties when cooled below the 0.49 K temperature (its critical temperature).

Pure titanium is almost 99.2% pure and is a lustrous metal with low density and high corrosion resistance.

It is even resistant to strong liquids such as sulfuric acid, wet chlorine gas, chloride solutions, hydrochloric acid and most organic acids. However, it can burn in air and is the only element that will burn in the presence of nitrogen.

Pipe fittings of ASTM A420 WPL6 are widely utilized in pressure piping and pressure vessel service at low-temperatures.ASTM A420 is the standard specification for pipe fittings of carbon steel and alloy steel used for low temperature services.

There are the pressure grade ASTM A234 WPB Pipe Fittings in ? inches to 24 inches nominal bore sizes with different wall thicknesses that correspond to the schedules.It does not cover cast welding fittings which refered standards are ASTM A216/A216M and A217/217M.

The schedules of the fittings range from 5s to XXS.Fittings over NPS12, produced by locally heating a portion of the fitting stock to any temperature for forming, shall be annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. And these fittings inlcudes elbow, tee, reducers, the carbon content shall les than 0.26%. NPS12 under no need to be heat treated under this forming process.

WPHY 52 chemical composition includes metals like Manganese, aluminium, phosphorus, sulphur, vanadium, silicon, nickel, titanium, chromium, molybdenum and copper.A few other moved forward ASTM A860 WPHY 52 properties are its expanded solidness, expanded sturdiness, moved forward weldability, great resistance to hydrogen stretch breaking and its exact measurement.

The fittings can also come with different types of surface treatments such as the rust-proof black oil or hot galvanized and transparent oil treated.The raw material for making ASTM A234 fittings hall be fully killed, consisting of forgings, bars, plates, sheet, and seamless or fusion-welded pipe products with filler metal added and shall conform to the chemical requirements of Table 1.

The SA234 Grade WPB Tee is a fitting used to connect three pipes together at one point.Hot formed or forged WPB, WPC, WPR fittins made at above 980¡æ[1800¨H] shall be annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. NPS4 hot forged fittings no need to be heat treated.

ASTM A234 WPB Fittings are made up of different material grades.Hot formed WPB, WPC, WPR fittings forming at above 620¡æ[1150¨H] to 980¡æ[1800¨H] no need to be heat treated which they are cooled in still air.