MONEL K500 is a nickel-copper alloy, precipitation hardenable through additions of aluminum and titanium.
Monel K500 pipe bend and elbow are resistant to a sour-gas environment
MONEL K500 retains the excellent corrosion resistant characteristics of 400 and has enhanced strength and hardness after precipitation hardening when compared with 400.
Alloy 400 pipe bend and elbow have excellent corrosion resistance together with increased strength and hardness.
Alloy K500 has approximately three (3) times the yield strength and double the tensile strength when compared with 400. MONEL K500 can be further strengthened by cold working before the precipitation hardening.
Monel K500 pipe bend and elbow has excellent mechanical properties from sub-zero temperatures up to about 480C.
Monel K500 pipe bend and elbow have corrosion resistance in an extensive range of marine and chemical environments. From pure water to non-oxidising mineral acids, salts and alkalis.
Monel K500 pipe bend and elbow are usually used in propeller, pump shafts, pumps, valves used in the manufacture of perchlorethylene, and chlorinated plastics.
Monel nickel-copper alloy K-500 pipe bend and elbow combine the excellent corrosion resistance characteristic of Monel alloy 400 with the added advantages of greater strength and hardness.
The increased properties are obtained by adding aluminum and titanimum to the nickel-copper base, and by heating under controlled conditions so that submicroscopic particles of Ni3 (Ti, Al) are precipitated thoughout the matrix.
Typical applications for alloy K-500 pipe bend and elbow are pump shafts and impellers; doctor blades and scrapers; oil-well drill collars and instruments; electronic components; springs; and valve trim.
The corrosion resistance of Monel alloy K-500 is subtantially equivalent to that of alloy 400 except that, when in the age-hardened condition, alloy K-500 has a greater tendency toward stress-corrosion cracking in some environments.
Monel alloy K-500 pipe bend and elbow have been found to be resistant to a sour-gas environment. After 6 days of continuous immersion in saturated (3500ppm) hydrogen sulfide solutions at acidic and basic pH’s (ranging from 1.0 to 11.0), U-bend specimens of age-hardened sheet show no cracking.
The combination of very low corrosion rates in high-velocity sea water and high strength make alloy K-500 pipe bend and elbow particularly suitable for shafts of centrifugal pumps in marine service.
316 stainless steel pipe bend has very low responsiveness to magnetic fields. Unlike basic stainless steels, which are ferromagnetic, most stainless steel varieties (including 316) are austenitic ¡ª or effectively nonmagnetic.
The machinability of 316 pipe bend is about 60% that of AISI B1112 resulphurised free cutting carbon steel. A free machining version of 316 is available as bar.
The 316 stainless steel pipe bends can undergo processes, like cold forming and welding, where the austenitic crystal structure is transformed into ferromagnetic martensite. 316L steel is more susceptible to gaining some degree of magnetism.
Grade 316 stainless steel pipe bend is readily weldable by most fusion techniques (GTAW / TIG, GMAW / MIG / MAG, MMAW / stick, SAW), with no preheat, postheat or control of interpass temperature needed.
316 pipe bend is primarily used in construction and infrastructure because it is strong, resistant to pitting, and corrosion resistant in most circumstances.
Stainless steel types 1.4401 and 1.4404 are also known as grades 316 and 316L respectively. Grade 316 is an austenitic grade second only to 304 in commercial importance.
316 stainless steel pipe bend contains an addition of molybdenum that gives it improved corrosion resistance. This is particularly apparent for pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments.
The austenitic structure of 316 stainless steel pipe bend gives excellent toughness, even at cryogenic temperatures.
316 pipe bend contains a minimum 2.0% molybdenum which makes it much more corrosion resistant than 304 however, as it is a more expensive element, generally makes 316 a more expensive grade of metal.
Stainless steel as a family of metals is very corrosion resistant but with the addition of molybdenum into 316, this increases the grades ability to withstand harsh environments. Often referred to as marine grade, 316 pipe bend is suitable for use in environments that are more aggressive than ambient although care should still be taken to clean the metal regularly to prolong its service life.
Type 316 steel is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel that contains between two and 3% molybdenum.
The molybdenum content increases corrosion resistance, improves resistance to pitting in chloride ion solutions, and increases strength at high temperatures.
316 is a member of the 18/8 chromium nickel family of austenitic stainless steels, with an addition of 2% molybdenum for improved corrosion resistance, particularly to localised corrosion in chloride containing environments.
316 stainless steel pipe bend has excellent corrosion resistance in many environments. It gives good service in atmospheric conditions, resisting most environments and is often used in marine conditions, or where industrial pollution is heavy.
316 stainless steel pipe bend can be used with seawater, provided precautions are taken to avoid crevice corrosion developing under sediments, precipitation and biofouling, and at designed-in crevices.
Grade 316, and grade 304, may suffer stress corrosion cracking in solutions containing chloride ions at temperatures over about 60¡ãC. Stress corrosion cracking should be considered for all corrosion services where the corrosive liquid may contain chloride.
