pipe with pipe fittings

Therefore, the fixation of the slip-on flanges is easier. However, the strength of the slip-on flanges is two-third of the weld necked flanges, under internal stresses due to flow. Another disadvantage of the slip-on flanges is that it¡¯s impossible to fix a flange to the elbow or fix a flange to the tee because the end surface of the slip-on fittings is not straight. The third flange group is the socket weld flanges. These flanges are utilized for small pipes that must yield high pressures. The strength of the socket weld flanges against internal stresses is equal to slip-on flanges.

However, their fatigue strength is higher than the slip-on flanges. A major problem of the socket weld flanges is the corrosion risk. A gap between the flange and fitting or pipe must be maintained before the welding. Corrosive fluids or humidity can locate in these shelters. Thus, this solid-liquid interface may cause corrosion on the body.

In today¡¯s world, pipelines are very common for almost every application that transports any liquid or gaseous substance. These liquid or gaseous substances flow in the pipe system with different pressures and temperatures. Therefore, pipeline systems are suffered from excess stresses that are produced by pressure and temperature.

The lap-joint flanges have the nearly same shape as the socket weld flanges except for the weld gap. Thus, their use in applications that can cause corrosion is advantageous. Another flange type is the threaded flanges. The threaded flanges are very useful in specific applications since they do not require welding for fixation.

Thus, the pipeline system must be designed and produced in a way that can handle the induced stresses during the transportation of liquid or gaseous substances. Some facilities (power plants, petroleum refineries, etc.) require long and complicated pipeline systems. Moreover, these types of facilities handle problems because of the limited working space.

Blind flanges are the final division of the flange classification. They are used as end-closers for the pipes valves or pumps. Since blind flanges are used as obstacles against the fluid flow, they are the highest stressed parts of the flange systems.